Leadership in Quality Management

Administration in Quality Management Administration is obligatory for all associations. It decides if an organization or an association prevails with regards to accomplishing its objectives and targets or it bombs in doing as such. Truth be told, the nature of administration that is rehearsed in an association characterizes and separates fruitful associations from ineffective ones.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Leadership in Quality Management explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This suggests compelling initiative is fundamental for the achievement of any association. Thusly, administration in all out quality administration is characterized and described by the principal directions of the masters dependent on hierarchical authority (Winder Draeger, 2006). Quality administration is moral, centered around individuals, makes a consciousness of social duty, and puts accentuation on the nature of employees’ working conditions. Without great initiative and the board st ructures, an association is probably going to fall into an authority emergency, either on account of low certainty levels in the pioneers or absence of trust in the laborers/workers (Luria, 2008). In this way, honesty and open trust in business pioneers is vital for quality authority to win in an association. This exposition talks about administration in quality administration, itemizing the connection among authority and quality. Initiative and Quality Many researchers have expounded on the significance of authority as a significant piece of value the board. Quality administration incorporates the board duty, and it endorses techniques to accomplish quality administration inside associations. Consequently, associations or people who plan to rehearse quality initiative should initially start by taking a cautious assessment of the authoritative culture and the administration limit in question. In the current business and political world, quality is the establishment for ceaseless adm inistration, advancement, innovativeness, and initiative (Feigenbaum, 2007). To accomplish quality administration, the top administration of an association must assume the liability of the quality activity (Winder Draeger, 2006). Preferably, authority and quality administration are firmly entwined with the end goal that honesty initiative prompts quality administration. In this way, quality initiative is the establishment for visit the executives advancement and imagination in numerous associations. What Quality Leadership implies Quality authority has been characterized diversely by different researchers. In any case, they all agree at one case that the characteristics, practices, and attributes of a pioneer characterize the sort of initiative winning in an association. When the pioneer has great administration characteristics, attributes, and practices, the initiative is named as viable or quality authority since it prompts trustworthiness and representative employment satisfactio n.Advertising Looking for research paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research gives that administration speculations and absolute quality administration assume an essential job in upgrading hierarchical execution and expanded representative employment fulfillment in an association. All out quality administration advances quality authority dissimilar to customary associations, whose initiative spotlight depends on inner frameworks as it were. Consequently, quality authority is portrayed by the accompanying: key initiative that supports incorporation of inside frameworks with outside condition; visionary administration where representatives share a typical vision and objectives; worker inspiration through planned remunerating frameworks for partners to advance imagination and development; and strengthening and cooperation by having all the representatives takes dynamic jobs in authority. The se attributes separate an absolute quality administration association, rehearsing quality authority, from a customary association that is moderate. Quality authority is estimated by the administration style authoritative pioneers choose to grasp in driving their associations. Exploration gives that transformational administration style is the most related authority style to quality initiative. It involves looking for chances to inspire the representatives by fulfilling their fundamental needs and allotting them duties in the work procedure. This has an immediate relationship with administration quality in light of the fact that transformational pioneers are fit for growing great affinity or powerful correspondence with workers to fortify qualities, and move a dream that is centered around quality. What's more, transformational pioneers assemble trust, lessen dread, make mindfulness for change and build up a culture to help the change, and start new strategies to tackle authoritative unpredictability (Luria, 2008). This supports quality improvement over all the frameworks and divisions in the association. Deming (2000) means that â€Å"the employment of the board isn't management, yet rather leadership† (p. 54). This suggests transformational administration requires the supervisors to be pioneers with the goal that they can convey quality initiative. Truth be told, quality initiative includes a transcendence of value rules that structure â€Å"a reason for managing, engaging and supporting the consistent quest for greatness by the representatives all through the organisation† (Feigenbaum, 2007, p 38). Accordingly, accentuation is put on the pioneer to make a situation of trust, genuineness, and honest correspondence to empower the advancement of the individual quality improvement workforce.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Leadership in Quality Management explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermo re, in quality initiative, the pioneer guarantees that there is a nonstop framework improvement so every worker makes a superior showing with more noteworthy fulfillment. Deming (2000) contends that a transformational pioneer isn't an appointed authority, but instead a partner driving and directing representatives regularly, and gaining from them and with them. Therefore quality administration is based on the authority standards gave above uprightness, individuals center, and strengthening on the lead. Those standards, including others, must be applied in a planned way in any organization that envisions accomplishing quality administration. This participatory way to deal with administration, whereby, representatives all through the association are engaged and urged to become pioneers is basic since quality turns into the obligation of everybody in the association and not a couple of people. A few people may imagine that by so doing, the jobs of the CEO would be reduced. Be that as i t may, this probably won't be genuine in light of the fact that strengthening adds the CEOs more obligations to make a situation for arranging at lower levels. All things considered, worker strengthening implies that the workforce is urged and propelled to enhance the nature of the administrations it gives to the association and the general public. Enabled representatives feel good when settling on choices since they trust and accept that their organization is focused on their turn of events. Notwithstanding, this must be accomplished through group the executives aptitudes that pioneers must grasp. Along these lines, quality authority wins in an association when the association is a pioneer based, and the initiative limit is dug in all through the association (Winder and Draeger, 2006). A pioneer based association empowers representatives to take a gander at senior pioneers as individuals or partners and not people accountable for other people. Along these lines, pioneers who put re sources into engaging workers to be pioneers depict quality administration and authority abilities. The most essential part in quality initiative is information sharing among colleagues, coaching, educating others, and encouraging gathering forms. In addition, it involves advancing receptiveness in correspondence, dispensing assets viably, giving data, and observing gathering execution (Deming, 2000).Advertising Searching for research paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Along these lines, the characteristics a pioneer must depict to lead an association toward all out quality administration culture incorporate inspiration, genuineness and honesty, self-assurance, and drive. Different characteristics incorporate subjective capacity, mystique, and business information. In spite of this, uprightness and genuineness are the most significant characteristics in initiative and they structure a reason for quality administration relies upon. Administration Quality Criteria The most broadly utilized initiative quality standards is measures for execution greatness created by Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. This standard partitions initiative into classifications. For example, the main classification centers around the manners by which pioneers give direction, convey and empower authoritative execution, and offer administration administrations. The rules likewise bolster the possibility that visionary authority is a significant worth and idea in an asso ciation (Baldrige National Quality Program, 2007). In this way, compelling pioneers set up frameworks, which offer headings to workers, set reasonable objectives for representatives, grow clear vision, and guarantee that the association accomplishes execution greatness. Quality authority requires senior pioneers to assume the job of moving, persuading, and empowering the whole group of representatives to contribute emphatically to authoritative advancement through development. Along these lines, as per Baldrige National Quality Program (2007), â€Å"as good examples, the pioneers can support morals, qualities, and desires while building authority, responsibility and activity all through the organisation† (p. 1). In synopsis, the presentation greatness standard gives that powerful authority framework involves the foundation of systems to empower the pioneer to convey o

Bloated Management Structure

Numerous individuals have begun taking alternate routes in our cutting edge world. The human populace is doing all that they can to speed through life. One such alternate route is the manner in which society imparts. Despite the fact that out the most recent quite a few years the innovation that has associated varying backgrounds has drastically transformed, it went from verbal exchange to the composed word, to phones and past. Presently messaging and divider postings are types of speaking with loved ones everywhere throughout the world. Many accept that these sorts of systems are pulverizing our interchanges as a general public. Be that as it may, these systems permit individuals to remain in steady association with numerous individuals on the double, they are advantageous, and safe to utilize. Long range interpersonal communication locales like Facebook, Myspace and numerous others associate individuals to every one of their companions and more distant family individuals at the same time in various manners. One such path is by statuses update which is when individuals state what is on their brains or what they may be doing that day. Another is posting pictures of pretty much anything with the goal that relatives who in any case wouldn’t see them until a social affair if at all could see them. Individuals who are not, at this point close to their friends and family advantage the most from these notices. This continually refreshed type of correspondence is nearly in the same class as being with the adored one. With individuals everywhere throughout the world utilizing organizing destinations they have gotten progressively understandable, from being accessible at neighborhood open libraries to the comfort of being primed and ready on an individual PDA or other hand held gadgets for nothing out of pocket. The comfort this has added permits individuals to refresh their sculptures whenever, yet additionally post pictures of what is happening in their every day lives on the recognize regardless of where they are from their remote gadgets. This empowers all the loved ones associated with that people page to comprehend what is happening in somebody's life who they may not get an opportunity to converse with on a day by day bases. Facebook just as numerous different destinations are protected to utilize (if the correct measures are taken) that everybody has begun making pages, from kids in center school as far as possible up to those children grandparents. Such locales permits the client to set it up their page in any case they need. They give numerous decisions on who is permitted to see that specific page. The choices comprise of hindering the page from each and every individual who isn't on the user’s companions list and not having the option to be found in a hunt, to having a totally open page where anybody can see such the sight as to offer. †¨Most of these sights likewise have limitations to where might be clients are obstructed from utilizing the destinations by any stretch of the imagination, or with other such precautionary measures Regular individuals are turning out to be worried about the possibility that that our correspondence among loved ones are separating somewhat more consistently. This is basically false; in actuality it is the inverse in view of how quickly innovation is transforming it permitting us to impart at some random second with every one of our loved ones. With sculptures updates and divider postings readily available we are more associated at some random second now than any other time in recent memory. Destinations like Myspace, Facebook, and numerous other are the principle way that individuals in today’s society convey do to the face that as a gathering we are speeding through life at twist speed.

Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Each year SIPA is proud to partner with several organizations to assist students with paying for school.   One of the organizations we partner with is the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation (WWNFF).   WWNFF offers two great programs that can benefit those interested in attending SIPA. First is the Thomas R. Pickering Graduate Foreign Affairs Fellowship.   This fellowship focuses on individuals that are interested in working for the U.S. Department of State and are applying to graduate programs. Second is a program available to undergraduate students called the Thomas R. Pickering Foreign Affairs Fellowship.   SIPA is proud to partner with both divisions of this fellowship program.   What follows is a recent email sent out by WWNFF.   If you qualify these are both very generous programs that can help to reduce the financial burden associated with attending graduate school. As one of the United States’ top fellowship providers, we offer programs that cultivate talent and drive change in the nation’s high-need fields. Following is an exciting opportunity we’d like to share with you and your students. The WWNFF is now accepting applications for the 2012 Thomas R. Pickering Foreign Affairs Graduate Foreign Affairs Fellowships. We seek highly motivated and academically excellent college juniors and graduating seniors or recent graduates who have an interest in pursuing a Foreign Service career in the U.S. Department of State. Funded by the U.S. Department of State, the programs honor Career Ambassador Thomas R. Pickering, one of the country’s most respected Foreign Service Officers. The goal of the programs is to attract outstanding students from all ethnic and social backgrounds who are dedicated to representing Americas interests abroad. Women, members of minority groups historically underrepresented in the Foreign Service, and students with financial need are encouraged to apply to one of the two Programs. Thomas R. Pickering Graduate Foreign Affairs Fellowship (GFAF) applicants must: 1.               Be a graduating senior or a recent graduate beginning a two-year, full-time master’s degree program in fall 2011 in fields such as public policy, international affairs, public administration, business, economics, political science, sociology or foreign languages 2.               Have a minimum undergraduate GPA of 3.2 or higher (on a scale of 4.0) 3.               Be a United States citizen The Graduate Fellowship award includes: $40,000 annually towards tuition costs (first) and related academic expenses during the first and second year of graduate study, pending availability of funding. Two paid summer internships in Washington, DC and overseas. Thomas R. Pickering Foreign Affairs Fellowship (FAF) applicants must: 1.               Be in the junior year of undergraduate study enrolled in an academic program relevant to the work of the U.S. Department of State in fields such as international affairs, foreign languages, communications, history, political and economic analysis, administration, management, or science policy 2.               Have a minimum undergraduate GPA of 3.2 or higher (on a scale of 4.0) 3.               Be a United States citizen. The Undergraduate Fellowship award includes: $40,000 annually towards tuition costs (first) and related academic expenses during the senior year of college and the first year of graduate study, pending availability of funding. Two paid summer internships in Washington, DC and overseas. The deadline for the 2012 Pickering Graduate Fellowship Program applications is January 30, 2012. The deadline for the 2012 Pickering Undergraduate Fellowship Program applications is February 3, 2012. Each program will select twenty Pickering Fellows annually. Additional information concerning the 2012 Pickering Fellowships is available online on the Foundation’s website (www.woodrow.org/pickering), including electronic versions of the 2012 Pickering brochures. Students should also visit our website to initiate their online application, which describes other documents that each applicant must forward to the WWNFF. In addition, all applicants must send the WWNFF a copy of their most recent financial aid letter that lists grants or loans, and provide a copy of the Student Aid Report (SAR), which indicates the Estimated Family Contribution (EFC) number. If you’d like more information about the Pickering Graduate Fellowship Program, please email pickeringgfaf@woodrow.org. If you’d like more information about the Pickering Undergraduate Fellowship Program, please email pickeringfaf@woodrow.org.

Market Trends of Ready Made Meals - 2290 Words

Market Trends of Ready Made Meal Name Grade Course Tutors Name Date Table of Contents TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc351623412 Abstract PAGEREF _Toc351623412 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc351623413 PESTLE Analysis of Effects of Change in the Marketing Environment on Sales of Ready Meals PAGEREF _Toc351623413 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc351623414 Political Factors PAGEREF _Toc351623414 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc351623415 Economic Factors PAGEREF _Toc351623415 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc351623416 Social Factors PAGEREF _Toc351623416 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc351623417 Technological Factors PAGEREF _Toc351623417 h 7 HYPERLINK l _Toc351623418 Legal Factors PAGEREF _Toc351623418 h 7 HYPERLINK l _Toc351623419 Environmental Factors PAGEREF _Toc351623419 h 7 HYPERLINK l _Toc351623420 Factors Affecting Sales of Ready Meals in UK over the Next Five Years PAGEREF _Toc351623420 h 8 HYPERLINK l _Toc351623421 References PAGEREF _Toc351623421 h 11 Abstract Ready meals industry is introduced few years ago and it has passed through the varying response of target market. Few refused it while with the passage of time; its acceptance level was increased. It is expected that market will grow in the near future and people will prefer this type of food items to other options. Market Trends of Ready Made Meals Business organizations are established to serve the target market with infinite period of time (Robbins and Coulter, 2007). There is no planned time limit of a business activity. TheShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Hellofresh970 Words   |  4 Pagescooking lessons and instructions to engage their clients’ attachment and loyalty to the company, since they can feel that they are learning new cooking tips and acquiring cooking hands-on skills, but not just filling their bellies. It s meal packages have marvelous meal presentations effects and reasonably priced than those of HelloFresh. Plated center of attention is ascertaining that the products it utilizes are sustainable, that the food constituents come in non-poisonous non-harmful bottles and bagsRead MoreAnalysis Of Fraser Foods s Objectives1100 Words   |  5 Pagesis due to the increase of competitors in the ready-made meal market because of busy working households. Fraser foods are being made to come up with new ideas to stay ahead of the market such as colourful healthier ready-made meals for kids. Social Factors affecting Fraser Foods are the rise of competitors in the market means they will have to keep up to date with the latest trends to stay ahead of competitors i.e. colourful more healthy ready-made meals. Technological factors effecting Fraser FoodsRead MoreMarket Positioning : A Successful Marketing1465 Words   |  6 PagesOats Company has dominated the Oat meal market for over 1 century. Quaker believes that they are â€Å"Committed to uncover the power of the oat to provide families with the healthy fuel they want to help them do more of what matters.† One of the most key concepts in a successful marketing is to market positioning. In market positioning, it is ideal to be the first in a market. Studies has proven that the easiest way to get into a person’s mind is to be first. Quaker meal has mastered the concept of productRead MoreThe Success Of A Grocery Store Based On An Organization Develops1526 Words   |  7 Pagesin achieving a competitive advantage? Strategy is the plan an organization develops, which inhibits the competition’s ability to replicate (Parnell, 2014). Bob’s mission statement identified their purpose, â€Å"To provide groceries, fresh foods, and ready-to-eat food that is of the highest quality and convenient at a fair price, while being a valued member of the community of Hanover† (Parnell, 2014, p. 396). However, they failed to achieve some of the key points of their mission, such as being a memberRead MoreEssay on Subway Case Analysis1273 Words   |  6 PagesSubway Case Analysis SUBWAY ® is the market leader in sub and sandwich shops offering a healthier alternative to traditional fast foods. SUBWAYs ® annual sales exceeded $6.3 billion dollars, while countless awards and accolades have been bestowed its chain over the past 40 years. SUBWAY ® had 7,825 units worldwide with 7,750 units in North America whilst its rapid growth has attracted many investments and brought it many competitors such as KFC and Burger King. Recent initiatives to attract customersRead MoreAssignment 702 Task A1669 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Task A (http://www.ibisworld.co.uk/market-research/catering-services.html) The Catering Services industry has struggled during the past five years. Since 2008-09, a severe economic downturn has led businesses and households to spend less on catered events. Businesses faced with plunging profitability cut back sharply on catered events such as office parties, corporate seminars and product launches, and reduced average spend per head for events that did go ahead. The deteriorating consumer climateRead MoreJamba Juice607 Words   |  3 PagesWrite Up – Jamba Juice April 8, 2013 Major trends in the general environment Jamba Juice has tried to capture a good portion of health conscious consumers by providing healthy smoothies and other nutritious foods for customers on the go. Even though there are direct competitors such as Planet Smoothie, Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, Panera Bread and McDonalds, Jamba Juice remains competitive by offering its unique blend of smoothies. They are made with real fruit and 100% fruit juices that areRead MoreMcdonald s, Burger King And Wendy s I Started1302 Words   |  6 Pagescompetition and driving forces, and lastly their key success factors. They have been striving to make changes to increase market shares as well as trying to dominate a global fast food industry by competing in the products, places, prices, and promotions they offer and geographic markets as well. These competitors mature at different life cycles whether it be from growing in the existing market opportunities, developing new diversification into related business striking for sustainable growth, or buildingRead MoreAll the Comforts of Home - Personal Chef Service3879 Words   |  16 Pages will focus on intimate dinners and small dinner parties. The meals will be prepared in the client s home with fresh ingredients purchased specifically for the selected meal. Serving sizes will be for 2-8, with a focus on intimate dinners for two. A market analysis shows that spending on meals away from home is substantial and growing. Within Arizona, 2004 sales are projected to grow 6.5% to $6.27 billon. As spending on meals away from home increases, a shift in the demand for quality andRead MoreTruearth Pizza1111 Words   |  5 PagesTruEarth Healthy Foods: Fresh Whole Grain Pizza TO LAUNCH or NOT TO LAUNCH? TruEarth, maker of gourmet pastas, sauces and meal faced the moment of TRUTH. Identifying the market trend, customers’ needs and wants via extensive market research and recognizing the plan to launch new product line of fresh whole grain pizza by Rigazzi, one of its direct competitors, TruEarth is at the point of making a critical business decision. â€Å"TO LAUNCH or NOT TO LAUNCH?† That is the question.

Structural Functionalism And Structural Theory - 782 Words

Structural functionalism is a macro level approach to study sociology (Browning, 2015). Structural functionalists believe social consensus is what holds society together; social consensus being a condition in which most members of the society agree on what would be good for everyone. Structural functionalists view society as a web of social structures, each structure being functional to fulfill it’s own needs, but dependent on all other structures for survival (Vago, 2012). The Criminal Justice system is a working system and can be explained through the eyes of a structural functionalist. It is a system comprised of many interconnected structures each with their own functions, but without one another would cease to exist. Structural functionalist believes formal social control, or law, keeps society together and that the legal system creates boundaries and a system of right or wrong (Browning, 2015). The criminal justice system is comprised of three parts: police, courts, and corrections. Each component has its own duties, responsibilities, and distinct purposes, but would fail if not effectively working with each other component. Police enforce what is right or wrong, courts provide means of checking whether laws reflect majority of society, and corrections maintain social solidarity through control of an offender (Vago, 2012). Structural functionalists view law, or the criminal justice system, as effectively controlling individuals’ behavior (Browning, 2015). Police,Show MoreRelatedReactionism And Structural Functionalism Theory992 Words   |  4 PagesI. Introduction Have you ever felt that everything in this world is interconnected in some way? It’s as if everything won’t function if one thing fails to do what it’s supposed to do. This is structural functionalism. II. Theory and Definition Structural functionalism theory states that society is held together by social bonds, which are religion, shared values, traditions and cultural norms. Every one of them has the same goals and agendas they want to achieve. Each individual is assigned a certainRead MoreStructural Functionalism And Conflict Theory972 Words   |  4 Pagesand institutions. Some sociological theories are better at explaining the social world at a macro level than they are at a micro level, and vice versa. Structural Functionalism and Conflict Theory are best for macrosociology while Symbolic Interactionism is best for microsociology. The purpose of this paper is to explain how the sociological perspective has helped me better understand the social world on both a macro and micro level. Structural Functionalism is the idea that society is a unifiedRead MoreStructural Functionalism And Conflict Theory1882 Words   |  8 PagesShort Answer Questions 1) Based on your readings, in class lectures, notes and discussions, in one to two paragraphs for each, describe and explain the analytical tenets of a) Structural Functionalism; b) Symbolic Interactionism; and c) Conflict Theory. Structural Functionalism aims to understand society in an objective way. It views society as an entity that is â€Å"objectively real†. It emphasizes the unity of society, and how individuals perform roles and how these roles are vital in meeting theRead More The Structural Theory of Functionalism Essay640 Words   |  3 PagesIn social science, Functionalism is the theory that put pressure on the dependence of the patterns and institutions of our society and her interaction by preserving her cultural and society unity. In Sociology, functionalism came from the sociologist EMILE DURKHEIM, who viewed our society as a sort of â€Å"ORGANISM† that brings with it certain â€Å"needs† that must be complete. The American sociologist Talcott Parsons analysed very extensive societies with regards to their social order, integration andRead MoreStructural Functionalism and Conflict Theory1541 Words   |  7 PagesStructural Functionalism amp; Conflict Theory Karl Marx and Max Weber were the first conflict theorists in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Following Marx and Weber were three mid-20th century conflict theorists: Lewis Coser, Ralf Dahrendorf, and Randall Collins. Coser draws his theoretical ideas from Simmel. Like Simmel, Coser maintains that conflict is healthy for society. In contrast, Dahrendorf combines theoretical ideas from Marx and Weber. Dahrendorf sees power as the main feature in allRead MoreStructural Functionalism And Functional Theory Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesStructural Functionalism (SF) theory often referred to as Structural Function Theory or Functional Theory, no matter what name is used, the main context of the theory remains the same. There are many existent interpretations of the theory, however according to Smith and Hamon (2012) SF theory is based on two basic assumptions agreed by all: (a) â€Å"the functions of families is to procreate and socialize children† and (b) â€Å"all systems ha ve functions† (p. 44). Additionally, they further elaborate on functionalRead MoreConflict Theory Vs. Structural Functionalism978 Words   |  4 PagesConflict Theory vs. Structural Functionalism, this is like a fight between conservative and liberal. Structural Functionalism is a sociological theory that focuses on the structures of society and their functional significance (positive and negative consequences) for other structures (Ritzer, 2013). In another word, Structural Functionalism focuses on hierarchy, high position in the society. The theory is based on the belief that a person who held a high position like doctor or lawyer should getRead MoreStructural Functionalism, Neo-Functionalism Conflict Theory System3328 Words   |  14 PagesStructural Functionalism, Neo-Functionalism Conflict Theory System Theory The origin of sociology developed and took place in Europe during the early eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The factors that led to the development of sociology are industrial economy, the growth of cities, and political change. Europe was changing from agriculture to factory production. Masses of people moved to the cities in search of work. In cities people met anonymity, crowding, filth, and poverty. The IndustrialRead MoreSocial Theories : Structural Functionalism, Marxism, And Existentialism915 Words   |  4 PagesNumerous social theories emerged to explain society and the human condition during the 19th and 20th centuries. Deeply embedded within the social experiences and predicaments of prominent theorists, the perspectives and priorities understood to be significant indications of society’s inner workings varied tremendously. These theories developed a specific view point on the importance of ideals such as culture, production, structure, language, and individua lism within society. The role of the individualRead MoreGeorge Peter Murdocks Theory Of Structural Functionalism953 Words   |  4 Pages In the theory of Structural Functionalism, one believes that society is made up of many parts which depend on each other to work and if one fails, all will fail. Imagine the body; each organ has a set function. If the heart stopped doing what it was supposed to be doing and tried to digest your food, what would happen? Functionalists consider family as an essential building block of society. This is an analogy to decide that if one part of society actually starts failing, the society dies. George

The Islamism Origin, Ideology, Aims Objectives Free Essays

Nations around the world follows different ideologies to generate a direction for themselves. An ideology is a way of thinking, a set of beliefs, aims and ideas. It sets the vision for the group attached to it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Islamism: Origin, Ideology, Aims Objectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its purpose is to bring a specific change or carry out a certain task among its followers in accordance with a thorough thought process. When ideologies differ it gets difficult for the people belonging to a certain group to stay coherent. Ideological differences have triggered such events that were found to be powerful enough that they have shrugged the atlas several times. Wars had been fought by those who reject leading their life in the ways that conflicts with their own ideological beliefs. Islamic Ideology Islam is a religion of having faith in the oneness of God, finality of Prophet-hood, following the code of conduct according to the principles mentioned in the Holy Book and practicing the preaching of Holy Prophet. Islam emphasizes on building individual characters in an exemplary way so that a foundation of an ideal society could be laid. All Muslims have been ordered by their God Almighty to follow instructions prescribed in their Holy Book Quran, the purpose of this guidance is to lay down a way of life in which the laws mentioned in the book regulates a men’s relationship with other men and with his God. It provides a guideline for a man to maintain his social life along with his communion with the God. It indicates to a Muslim in his quest for knowledge, principle that enhances his capability to observe universe and nature with more understanding. Quran is not a book of science; it’s basically a book that deals with the basic principles of human life it preaches belief in oneness, immateriality, absolute power of the creator, charity for needy, brotherhood among mankind, subjugation of passions, the concept of accountability of human actions in the life after death, a system that teaches men to be grateful to all those who help and development of a sense of social consciousness by carefully performing those actions that are sensible and right and avoiding those that are forbidden and harmful for self and others. Islamism Islam provides Muslims a code of conduct that has been written in the Holy Book. Muslims are supposed to understand and follow it and when it comes to understanding there are different possible interpretations of the same text. Islamism is not a single concept rather it’s a product of different ideologies that exists within the umbrella of Islam. Islam is a religion that provides guideline for the Muslims around the world. Islamism has ideological conflicts. In general all these ideological groups call them Islamists, a group of people that completely rejects accepting secular governments and institutions and aim to align the entire world and its establishments in accordance to Sharia, the Muslim Law. One single society could have several directions of Islamism contributing to the fact that it’s been initiated by different groups trying to enforce their own ideologies and they seemed to never cooperate. Islamism expects its followers to align his life in complete adherence to the sacred law of Islam and completely rejects any foreign influences that may try to force any law or code of conduct that contradicts what is being mentioned in Islamic law. Islamism has in its root anger for non-Muslims and it condemn west to greatest extent. What it aims is to convert a religion into a kind of ideology. Origin of Islamism A little more than just 200 years before Muslim world was considered the hub of science and literature. Muslim scholars have laid such foundations that were later used by European researches to build extremely beneficial artifacts that have amazed the world. During the prime era of Muslims, there were mathematicians, doctors, scientists, philosophers, researchers and artists that people from around the globe used to come and learn from them. The theories presented by Muslim scholars are the basis of most of the modern scientific inventions and innovations. The downfall arose when the Muslim world interacted with the Europeans; its dated around 200 years back in 1798 when Napoleon landed in Egypt and the Muslim worlds came in contact with the Europe. From here came the influence and impact of European culture and civilization on the Muslims. The two nations are not incompatible but the ideological differences became evident when conflicts triggered events that lead to development of anger and hostile feelings among contradicting nations. According to Daniel Pipes: This confrontation was clearly shown in the aftermath of the fatwa by Ayatollah Khomeini against Salman Rushdie. Contrary to popular expectation, the lines in 1989 were drawn not between Muslim and Westerners, but between those who supported the ayatollah, or in some fashion sympathized with him, and those who were against him. One found many Muslims and Westerners on both sides. This illustrates how it is ideas that count, not religion. (Distinguishing between Islam Islamism, 1998) The origination of Islamism is neither a single event nor responsibility of a particular person. It is the fundamentalist Islamic approach carried forward by those Islamic radicals that completely rejects the western culture and way of thinking. Series of events in history builds such anger among the Muslims that were once the most successful nation on the map of earth that they started to rebel and participate in destructive activities so that world could again come in their control, this time if not by education or technology then by force and devastation. Aims and Objectives There can’t by another explanation of Islamism but just that it’s like the other utopian schemes that have been proposed and adopted world wide and provides its followers ways and guidelines to control a state, take measures that help running a society and extend philosophies in order to re-make human beings inhabiting that state. The concept has been given an Islamic touch but over all it’s a totalitarian scheme. It embodied a complete transformation of the actual traditional Islam. It has an element of modernization, for instance it deals with issues related with a modern society, address problems arises in urban living and modern day women issues, and it provides guidance for the non-traditional problems faced by my occupations. It completely ignores Islamic principle of restricting laws and regulations to the individual and society rather it tries to inject geographically restricted rules in its effort to come at par with western style geographic law. It’s not a system that has evolved as result of poverty and money. It’s a reaction to modernization by those thinkers that try to find their own ways out in changing world environment and politics. Many educated people are Islamists and running their states according to their own ideology. Islamism has been evolved lately as a huge force that is responsible for running countries like Iran, Sudan and Afghanistan. In Algeria, Egypt, Turkey, Lebanon, and Palestine they exists as the strong opposition force. Though its been observed that Islamists are not in majority but even if they consists of minority it’s a very active one. The countries where they have establishments they are very successful and they not only run their own territories but they also interfere in their neighborhood and participate in overall world politics. Its been feared that if they grow their powers they will be responsible for contraction of economic stability, women oppression world wide, human right violation, terrorism and arms race. The ideas presented by Islamists belonging to different countries differ in ideologies and they are very difficult to predict. All Muslims are all well aware that they were the superior military and cultural force in the world for centuries, and the reversed situation in the modern ages hurts the pride of Muslims. As many Muslim countries have tried to copy both the capitalist system, and others the socialist system, and all have seen little but marginal success, Islamists are working for re-establishing what the promote as a â€Å"third alternative†; a political system that they claim is similar to the one which once made unknown tribes grow into becoming lords of empires in a few decades. But in order to create such a society, the Islamists are not rejecting modern technology, and are very concerned about implement this on a grand scale in an Islamist society. And because of the technology, the Islamists believe that the coming Islamist society will be an even better society than the one of the Golden Age. (Islamism, 2008) Even if what Islamists are trying is to bring the Golden period of Muslims back they are overlooking the fact that being intolerant, conservative and violent is something that was even practiced by Muslim rulers of history who ruled the world. A liberal Islam that encourages peace and harmony has always been the pride of a Muslim. Islam in its fundamental teachings promotes tolerance and love. Islamists have originated from people having moderate background living in cities. Mostly youngsters have are its prime followers. They don’t consider themselves to be the revolutionaries rather they say they are bringing the lost values back to the culture and society. Islamism condemns the economic system that world follows and suggests the Islamic economic system where interest rates should be replaced by investments made on profit and loss basis. When it comes to women they have contradicting views leading from conservatives to liberal. Sometimes they encourage women to work outside and sometimes they advocate women taking care of their families as their prime concern. The Islamist ideology could in no way support democracy, dictatorship is what they profess. A leader is responsible for listening to people’s problems and solving them accordingly. The Islamists have started to adopt a violent approach towards addressing different issues and demands for almost last two decades and are considered responsible for many destructive activities killing thousands of people worldwide. Nowadays, Islamists have been feared as a long term threat as there are growing powers day by day with more and more young people joining their force. How to cite The Islamism: Origin, Ideology, Aims Objectives, Papers

Second Language Acquisition

Second Language Acquisition: The Learner and the Learning Situations Age: Lenneberg came up with a theory that acquiring proficiency in speaking a second language was an inborn process that was influenced by growth of the brain (Lenneberg, 1967, p. 78). Thus, many scholars report that age plays an important role on a second language acquisition (Randell, 2007, p. 13).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Second Language Acquisition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lenneberg claimed that after the brain has been completely lateralized, then its ability to reopen the part that is concerned with language learning is limited (Lenneberg, 1967, p. 78). This means the brain losses its ability to take in new language skills. The best age for learning new language as a result of numerous researches was found to be from the age of six to fifteen years (Smith, 2004, p. 73). Reportedly, the correlation between age and a second language acquisition can be best illustrated by the peculiarities of learning in the field of phonology where younger students are likely to have no significant accent whereas older students will remain speaking with quite noticeable accent (Randell, 2007, p. 13). Motivation: it has been established that the motivation that inspires an individual to learn a second language and the thoughts that this person holds concerning speaking a second language play a big role in the process of learning it. It is necessary to point out that it is possible to distinguish to major types of motivation: integrative and instrumental (De Bot et al., 2005, p.72). Thus, De Bot et al. (2005) state that integrative motivation is a very strong tool inspiring students to learn, whereas instrumental is less effective. The integrative motivation presupposes that students like the community speaking the language and want to find out more about the community and learn the second language. The instrument al motivation is reinforces by some more particular purpose, for example, reward. It goes without saying that integral interest in the community and the language itself is much stronger motivation than a desire to get some reward. Environment: The condition in which learning takes place is of great impact on the process of learning a second language. As explored earlier, the extent to which input offer the maxima effect is important. An environment that encourages a greater amount of using the new language is very effective in the process of learning. Thus, De Bot et al. (2005) suggest that there are two types of learning: implicit and explicit. Implicit learning is something that people can learn by intuition, and explicit learning presupposes that people should understand how it is done (De Bot et al., 2005, p. 9). Admittedly, people learn faster when they can constantly repeat and hear a second language, when they are naturally involved in the learning process, rather than trying to memorize some rules and new words.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Personality: this trait is very influential on the way a person learns a new language acquisition. When combined with environment, this can act to impede learning or to encourage it. Introverts have a high chance of being affected negatively. Students afraid of embarrassment by incorrectly speaking avoid opportunities for them to speak hence affecting their ability to learn. When teachers correct mistakes, these students feel embarrassed, when a student shuts following an outright correction, then he/she looses the psyche to practice. Conversely, extraverts are usually more successful in speaking since it presupposes communicating which extraverts like (Carrasquillo and Rodrà ­guez, 2002, p. 65). The Importance of Classroom Instructions This bears a special benefit because in the first place, teaching car ried out in a classroom setting usually has a connection with the two forms of second language attainment processes, natural acquisition and classroom learning. Hunt et al. (2009) stress that one of constituent factors of effective teaching is correct and detailed instructions, i.e. teacher’s ability to explain what students are expected and how they can successfully fulfill their tasks. When though it’s hard to draw clear differences between instructed languages and acquired, we can easily recognize the implications of language acquisition from classroom teaching and that from non-classroom learning. Obviously the impact of classroom teaching of language becomes positive and this view is supported by early researchers of learning a new language in 1980s. The Importance of Carrying Out the Task of Teaching From many years of teaching, there are several theories that teachers have linked to the process of teaching a new language as being conducive and best for acquiring a second language. Input Hypothesis: this hypothesis explains acquiring a second language through a progression of natural process and it’s affected by an input that is ahead of the natural flow by a step. Admittedly, when a learner goes through the steps of learning through the stages of growth from birth mentioned, they will flow in a natural way as they encounter new input. Sometimes, studies indicate that adults can learn new language the same way. The teacher can use this hypothesis and put a student in an environment that encourages input and feedback of information that is comprehensible (Hwang 1999, p. 26). Students are set in a very conducive environment for learning that is lively and realistic and this boosts understanding making learners to have better acquisition results.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Second Language Acquisition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Output hypothesis: this theory purports that learners have to use the resources they acquire and practice using comprehensible output. Classroom teaching plays a very good role in attaining this as learners are able to bridge the gaps of input and output interactions. Learners and teachers are main factors of classroom learning (Hwang 1999, p. 26). This means teaching helps teachers to give information that students find interesting and that results into integration. Students hence collect and reprocess this information and efficiently acquire good linguistic skills. Language Transfer This concept is also described as the linguistic inferences of the first language. It’s mainly discussed in teaching English but it can normally occur for every language especially when the person does not have that deep command of the new language. Positive Transfer and Negative Transfer: when appropriate unit or structure of two languages is similar there can be interference resulting in accurate construction of a language and this is termed as positive transfer. Accurate here means that the language was as if it were spoken by natives with little errors (Liceras, 2010, p. 250). An example is using cognates. Negative transfer on the other hand is when the learners introduce incorrect structures to a new language. When the differences in structures are so great, then there is likelihood of committing more negative transfers. The impact of positive transfer usually gets overlooked and as a result they are not discussed extensively. However the results could have a very big impact on the learners (Liceras, 2010, p. 250). For example, English learner of Spanish learner can easily guess Spanish vocabulary from his English through structure could differ hence connotation. Conscious-Unconscious Transfer: the transfer of a language may either be accomplished in an unconscious or conscious manner. It is quite possible for unskilled learners take a guess while writing or speaking a second language e ither due to forgetfulness, or lack of proper learning. For instance, in North America, English speakers who boast of Spanish as their first language have thus far managed to influence the English native speakers in those regions that the Spaniards are a majority (Liceras, 2010, p. 253). They mix English and Spanish words in what they refer to as Spanglish. Such speakers could know the internal structures of first language well and not conversant with the second language structures hence slip back to their first language rules.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Contrastive Analysis The theory of contrastive analysis consists in comparison of two languages that is based on their characteristic elements. According to Gass and Selinker (2008) contrastive analysis is aimed at determining â€Å"potential errors for the ultimate purpose of isolating what needs to be learned and what does not need to be learned in a second-language-learning situation† (96). In other words, learning of a first language and a second language is compared and on the basis of this study it is possible to distinguish the probable difficulties that learners face when learning the second language. Presumably, when a student is learning the second language, the structure and rules of the first language cause the most difficulties to their effort of acquiring a second language. The difficulties are because of comparing of two linguistic structures from different languages. Hence a second language teacher can be better placed to understand the students’ varied learning difficulties that are as a result of these linguistic variations (McLaughlin Harrignton, 2008, p. 123). For instance, Arabian students learning English can place gender pronoun of non-human objects when trying to speak English. â€Å"There are three glasses, she is on the floor† (she is used to refer to the glasses). Japanese on the other hand can have a very difficult time when pronouncing /r/ and /l/ sounds in English because they native (first language does not have these sounds). Contrastive Analysis Is Important For Teachers Many people assume that language is merely sentences, structures and words. However, there are many shapes and structures that make every utterance have a meaning and a function. This means that besides studying measurable elements like sound and words, it’s important also to study elements like notion, feeling and notion which are immeasurable (McLaughlin Harrignton, 2008, p. 123). Contrastive analysis takes into consideraition th ese aspects and hence it is very critical for teachers when comparing a new language and the first language if they are students (De Houwer, 2006, p. 332). Teaching language is not easy as one may overview considering that even native at times cannot use their own first language. Language is described as randomly structured groups of subjectively chosen vocals used by people of a certain culture to communicate. This communication is subject to contrast always. This means that contrast is an aspect of language and exists between worst, sentences and languages. This concept is critical in teaching foreign language as it studies language used at that period in time. An assessment of language barrier along with a scientific examination of the structural differences that characterizes two languages may aid in the description of the taxonomy of a language. Consequently, this could be beneficial to the teachers by allowing them to forecast the hardships that could face learners (McLaughlin Harrignton, 2008, p. 123). With the help of contrastive analysis teachers can easily define what points do not require special attention, and which points in learning a second language should be explained and trained more thoroughly (Danesi Rocci, 2009, p. 228). There are four stages that the teacher can effectively use contrastive analysis to bring about better learning. First, Description: this is the use of formal grammar to explicitly describe the native and foreign language. Second, selection: certain set of rules; structures are chosen for contrast as it’s hard to virtually take all the differences. Third, contrast: this is when one language is mapped onto another and the relationships described. Finally, prediction: the teacher formulates how to predict an error or hardship of the other steps. Language Transfer: Omission Copula by Arab Learners Contrastive analysis reveals that Arab learners often make transfer mistakes because of the fact that they have a different language structure from English and or any other language for that case. The difference is very substantial with English though. This difficulty in learning comes up when students attempt to bring into play articles, copula and auxiliary verbs, that have nearly no Arabic equivalent or comparables for some syntax situations (Burt, 1975, p. 54). Furthermore, in Arabic language, using the word ‘if’ is mostly evident in the incorrect application of order of words prepositions and pronouns. This kind of mistake is committed by Arabs who are learning as a second of foreign language often denoted as EFL and ESL. Arabs not only make interference ‘if’ error but also non-interference as well (Burt, 1975, p. 54). Typical syntax errors are categorized in various groups that deal with prepositions of objects, plurals of objects that are not countable, past tenses and thirds person singular. Arabic and English constructive analyses indicate that copula omission is very evident especially in grammatical study of English by Arab learners. For instance, native Arabic speakers constantly omit copula verb. It’s important to note that in other tenses higher, sometimes other person other than the third single party, the copula is brought in again. The reason why Arab learner tends to drop the copula often is because the native Arab language does not have these copulae. This is therefore a negative transfer from native language to the second language as students drop the copula as he/she speaks. Most grammatical problems that Arab students face are principally attributed to their native language and are mainly of omission of copula (Patil, 2006). Solution: the better solution could be to scale down the difficulties that are pronounced among the second language learners. By all means, such common mistakes should be noted and used for working out the necessary teaching strategies. Thus, it can be helpful to use the so-called preventive strategy (Fran ceschina, 2005, p. 200). In this case a teacher will know what topics require detailed consideration. This can lead to avoidance of common difficulties in second language learners. Reference List Burt, M. K. (1975). Error Analysis In The Adult EFL Classroom. Tesol Quarterly, 9(1): 53- 63. Carrasquillo, A., Rodrà ­guez, V. (2002). Language Minority Students in the Mainstream Classroom. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Franceschina, F. (2005). Fossilized Second Language Grammars: The Acquisition of Grammatical Gender. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins North America. Danesi, M., Rocci, A. (2009). Global Linguistics: An Introduction. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. De Bot, K., Lowie, W., Verspoor, M. (2005). Second Language Acquisition: An Advanced Resource Book. New York: Routledge. De Houwer, A. (2006). Early Understanding Of Two Words For The Same Thing: A CDI  Study Of Lexical Comprehension In Infant Bilinguals. International Journal Of Bilingualism, 10 (3): 331-333. Gass, S.M., Sel inker, L. (2008). Second Language Acquisition: An Introductory Course. Oxon: Routledge. Hunt, G.H., Hunt, G., Touzel, T.J. (2009). Effective Teaching: Preparation and Implementation. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas Publisher Ltd. Hwang, J. (1999). Current Theories Of Language. Leaning And Teaching. English Teaching Forum, 8(2): 26-29 Lenneberg, E. H. (1967). Biological Foundations of Language. New York: Wiley Publishers Liceras, J. (2010). Second Language Acquisition and Syntactic Theory in the 21st Century. Annual Review of Applied Linguistic, 30: 248-269 McLaughlin, B., Harrignton, M. (2008). Second Language Acquisition, Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 10: 122-134. Patil, Z.N. (2006). On the Nature and Role of English in Asia. The Linguistics Journal, 1(2): 88-131. Randell, M. (2007). Memory, Psychology and Second Language Learning. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins North America. Smith, A. (2004). The Brain’s Behind It: New Knowledge about the Brain and Learn ing. Stafford: Network Educational Press Ltd. This research paper on Second Language Acquisition was written and submitted by user Na0m1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.